🏠 Property · Stamp Duties · Sub-Silo 1 · Tool #9

Lease Duty Calculator Singapore 2026
Commercial, Industrial & Residential Leases — Premium Stamp Duty, GST-Exclusive Rent & Step-Up Rents

Calculate Singapore lease duty (stamp duty on lease agreements) for commercial, industrial, retail, and residential leases — including leases with premiums (key money), service charges, GST-registered landlord adjustments, step-up rents, and renewal option duty. Covers all three IRAS lease bands: Total Rent (≤1 year), 2× Average Annual Rent (1–3 years), and 4× Average Annual Rent (above 3 years). Premium/key-money stamp duty calculated separately at 0.4%.

✓ Commercial, Industrial & Residential ✓ Premium / Key Money Duty ✓ GST-Exclusive Rent Base ✓ Step-Up Rent AAR Average ✓ Renewal Option Duty
Lease Duty Rate0.4% flat
Premium Duty0.4% × Premium
Service ChargesExcluded from Base
GST-RegisteredUse Ex-GST Rent
Pay By14 Days
🏢 Lease Inputs

The lease term determines which stamp duty formula applies. Key bands: ≤12 months (0.4% × Total Rent) • 13–36 months (0.4% × 2 × AAR) • 37+ months (0.4% × 4 × AAR). For JTC industrial leases (30-year standard term), the 4×AAR formula applies. Note: commercial leases are commonly structured as 3+3 or 3+3+3 — the initial 3-year term uses the 2×AAR formula; each renewal term is separately stamped.

For GST-registered landlords, the rental invoice shows rent + 9% GST. Stamp duty is calculated on the GST-exclusive rent only — not on the GST component. If your rent is S$11,000 inclusive of 9% GST, the stamp duty base = S$11,000 ÷ 1.09 = S$10,092. Select “Yes” and enter the GST-inclusive rent; the calculator deducts the 9% GST automatically.

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For fixed rent over the full term, enter only the Year 1 rent. For step-up leases (e.g., S$8,000 for Year 1, S$8,400 for Years 2–3), the calculator computes the Average Annual Rent (AAR) across all tiers weighted by number of years. Service charges and maintenance fees are entered separately below — they are excluded from the stamp duty base.

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Service charges, maintenance contributions, and building management fees stated separately in the lease are excluded from the stamp duty base. Enter the monthly service charge for reference — the calculator shows it as excluded in the results. Only the base rent (ex-GST if applicable) is used for stamp duty.

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A premium (also called “key money” or “fit-out contribution repayment”) is a lump-sum payment made by the tenant to the landlord to secure the lease, over and above the regular monthly rent. Premiums attract additional stamp duty at 0.4% of the premium amount. Reverse premiums (landlord pays tenant) do not attract stamp duty on the premium itself.

When a tenant exercises an option to renew, a new stamp duty assessment applies on the renewal term. Calculate renewal stamp duty here for planning. In practice, renewal duty is paid when the renewal agreement is signed — not at the time of the initial lease.

🏢 Lease Duty Calculation
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Enter lease type, term, and rent to calculate lease duty. For step-up rents, enter up to 3 rent tiers — the calculator averages them to find the AAR. Add a premium for key-money stamp duty and a renewal option term for forward planning.

Lease Duty — Rent, Premium & Renewal Breakdown

Lease Duty Singapore 2026 — Commercial, Industrial & Long-Term Residential Leases, Premium Duty & GST Treatment

Lease duty is stamp duty payable on lease agreements (as distinct from standard short-term residential tenancy agreements). While the underlying formula is the same 0.4% rate with the three-band lease-period structure, commercial and industrial leases introduce important complexities that a simple residential tenancy stamp duty calculator cannot handle: premiums or key-money payments, service charge exclusions, GST-registered landlord adjustments, step-up rent schedules, renewal option duty, and long-term industrial leases (e.g., JTC 30-year leases). This calculator covers all these scenarios, providing a comprehensive lease duty figure across the full structure of a Singapore commercial or industrial lease agreement.

Singapore Lease Duty Formula — 3 Bands by Lease Period

Lease TermStamp Duty FormulaRateS$10,000/mo Rent Example
Up to 1 year (≤12 months)0.4% × Total Rent0.4%0.4% × S$120,000 = S$480
1–3 years (13–36 months)0.4% × 2 × AAR0.4%0.4% × S$240,000 = S$960
Above 3 years (37+ months)0.4% × 4 × AAR0.4%0.4% × S$480,000 = S$1,920

Premium / Key Money: Additional 0.4% on the Lump-Sum Payment

ComponentStamp DutyExample
Monthly rent0.4% × AAR band formula aboveS$10,000/mo × 36mo: S$960
Premium / key money (paid by tenant)0.4% × Premium amountS$50,000 premium: S$200
Service charges (itemised separately)Excluded — no stamp dutyS$1,000/mo service: S$0
GST on rent (9%)Excluded — duty on ex-GST rentS$10,900 incl. GST → base S$10,000
Reverse premium (landlord pays tenant)No stamp duty on reverse premiumFit-out contribution by landlord: S$0

How This Lease Duty Calculator Works — Step-Up Rents, GST Stripping & Renewal Options

Step 1 — Select Lease Type and Term; GST Adjustment

Select whether the lease is commercial, retail, industrial, or residential. Select the full lease term — the calculator auto-applies the correct band formula. If the landlord is GST-registered and the rent is quoted GST-inclusive (rent + 9%), select “Yes” for GST-registered. The calculator strips the 9% GST before applying the stamp duty formula — since IRAS only taxes the GST-exclusive rent component.

Step 2 — Enter Step-Up Rents for Average Annual Rent

Most commercial leases have rent escalation clauses — rent increases at the start of each lease year or every two years. Enter up to 3 rent tiers with the number of years at each rate. The calculator computes the weighted Average Annual Rent (AAR) across all tiers — the basis for the stamp duty calculation under the 2×AAR and 4×AAR formulas. Service charges are entered separately and are excluded from the stamp duty base as they represent distinct contractual obligations.

Step 3 — Add Premium and Renewal Option for Complete Duty

Enter any premium/key money for the additional 0.4% stamp duty on the lump sum. Enter the renewal option term to see the forward renewal stamp duty — useful for planning cash flow at lease renewal. The total lease duty combines all components: rent duty + premium duty + renewal duty (if exercised).

3 Real Singapore Lease Duty Examples — Office 3-Year, Retail with Key Money & JTC 30-Year Industrial

Office Lease, S$12,000/mo, 3 Years

Monthly rent (ex-GST)S$12,000
Lease term36 months
Formula0.4% × 2 × AAR
AARS$144,000
Lease dutyS$1,152
Per year of leaseS$384/yr

Retail, S$20K/mo + S$60K Key Money

Monthly rentS$20,000
Key money (premium)S$60,000
Lease term36 months
Duty on rentS$1,920
Duty on premiumS$240
Total lease dutyS$2,160

JTC Industrial, S$8,000/mo, 30 Years

Monthly rentS$8,000
Lease term360 months (30 yr)
Formula0.4% × 4 × AAR
4 × AARS$384,000
Lease dutyS$1,536
Note: same as 5-year termCap at 4×AAR

3 Expert Lease Duty Tips — 3+3 Structure, Step-Up Rent AAR Trap & Reverse Premium

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The 3+3 Lease Structure: Two Separate Stamp Duties, Not One

The most common commercial lease structure in Singapore is a 3+3 arrangement: a 3-year initial term with an option to renew for a further 3 years. Many tenants and landlords assume this is a 6-year lease and calculate stamp duty on the full 6-year term. This is incorrect. The initial 3-year lease and the 3-year renewal option are two separate stampable instruments: (1) Initial 3-year lease: stamp duty on signing = 0.4% × 2 × AAR; (2) 3-year renewal: when the tenant exercises the option and signs the renewal agreement, additional stamp duty = 0.4% × 2 × AAR at the renewal rent. Both are due within 14 days of the respective signing date. For a 3+3 office lease at S$12,000/mo both terms: total stamp duty = S$1,152 + S$1,152 = S$2,304 paid over the 6-year period (S$1,152 at year 0 and S$1,152 at year 3). Never calculate stamp duty as if the 3+3 were a single 6-year lease — that would incorrectly apply the 4×AAR formula.

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Step-Up Rents: How the AAR is Calculated and Why It Matters

Commercial leases frequently include rent escalations: Year 1 at S$10,000/mo, Year 2 at S$10,500/mo, Year 3 at S$11,000/mo. The stamp duty base for leases over 1 year uses the Average Annual Rent (AAR) — the arithmetic mean of all annual rents across the lease term. For a 3-year lease with S$10,000, S$10,500, S$11,000: AAR = (S$120,000 + S$126,000 + S$132,000) ÷ 3 = S$126,000/year = S$10,500/month average. Stamp duty = 0.4% × 2 × S$126,000 = S$1,008. If you incorrectly use only the Year 1 rent (S$10,000/mo), you would calculate S$960 — a S$48 understatement. While small in absolute terms, understatement can lead to IRAS assessment for shortfall plus penalties. Always use the full weighted average across all years when calculating stamp duty for step-up or escalating rent leases.

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Reverse Premiums (Landlord Incentives) vs Tenant Premiums: Different Tax Treatment

Tenant premiums (key money) paid to the landlord attract 0.4% additional stamp duty. However, reverse premiums — lump-sum payments from the landlord to the tenant as an incentive to sign the lease (e.g., fit-out contribution, rent-free cash allowance, or rent-free period cash equivalent) — are not subject to stamp duty. They do, however, have income tax implications: a reverse premium received by the tenant is typically treated as taxable income (if the tenant is a business). For stamp duty purposes, the key question is: is the payment from tenant to landlord (subject to 0.4% duty) or from landlord to tenant (no stamp duty, but income tax consideration for tenant)? Many commercial lease negotiations involve a combination of rent-free periods (no stamp duty implication), cash fit-out contributions (reverse premium, no stamp duty), and reduced rent in Year 1 (affects AAR calculation). Structure lease incentives carefully with your commercial lawyer and tax advisor for optimal treatment.

16 FAQs — Lease Duty Singapore 2026, Commercial Leases, GST, Premiums & JTC Industrial

What is lease duty in Singapore and how does it differ from rental stamp duty?+
Lease duty is the stamp duty payable on lease agreements, using the same 0.4% rate and 3-band formula as residential tenancy agreements. The practical differences from standard residential rental stamp duty are: (1) Premiums: commercial and industrial leases frequently include premium payments (key money) that attract additional 0.4% stamp duty, which is rare in residential tenancies; (2) Service charges: commercial/industrial leases typically itemise service charges and building maintenance separately from rent — these are excluded from the stamp duty base; (3) GST: GST-registered commercial landlords charge 9% GST on rent, and stamp duty applies only on the GST-exclusive amount; (4) Step-up rents: commercial leases commonly have annual rent escalations requiring AAR averaging; (5) Long lease terms: industrial leases (JTC) can be 30 years. These complexities make a dedicated commercial lease duty calculator more appropriate than a simple residential tenancy calculator.
How is stamp duty calculated on a commercial lease with GST?+
For commercial leases where the landlord is a GST-registered business: stamp duty is calculated on the GST-exclusive rent only. The 9% Singapore GST (Goods and Services Tax, applicable from 1 January 2024) is a tax on the supply of services, not part of the underlying rent. IRAS requires that stamp duty be computed on the rent component only — not on the GST. Example: office lease at S$11,000/month inclusive of 9% GST. GST-exclusive rent = S$11,000 ÷ 1.09 = S$10,092/month. Stamp duty base uses S$10,092 (not S$11,000). If you use the GST-inclusive amount, you overstate the stamp duty base by 9%, leading to overpayment. Always verify whether the rent in the lease agreement is stated as GST-inclusive or GST-exclusive (the lease should specify) before calculating stamp duty.
Are service charges included in the stamp duty base for commercial leases?+
No. Service charges (also called maintenance charges or building service levies) that are separately and clearly itemised in the lease agreement as distinct from the base rent are excluded from the stamp duty base. Service charges typically cover building management, security, cleaning of common areas, air conditioning, and other shared building services. To qualify for exclusion: (1) the service charge must be stated separately in the lease (not bundled into a single “all-in rent” amount); (2) the service charge must be genuinely for building services (not just a disguised rent supplement); (3) the amount should be reasonable and reflective of actual service costs. If rent and service charges are quoted as a single combined figure, IRAS may assess stamp duty on the full amount. Proper lease drafting by a commercial solicitor will ensure service charges are correctly itemised.
Does stamp duty apply to a 3+3 commercial lease as a 6-year lease?+
No. A 3+3 commercial lease (3-year initial term + 3-year renewal option) is treated as two separate 3-year leases for stamp duty purposes, not as a single 6-year lease. The initial 3-year lease: stamp duty = 0.4% × 2 × AAR, paid within 14 days of signing the initial lease. The 3-year renewal (when exercised): a new stamp duty = 0.4% × 2 × AAR at the renewal rent, paid within 14 days of signing the renewal agreement. If treated as a 6-year lease, the 4×AAR formula would apply (since 6 years > 3 years) — approximately doubling the stamp duty relative to the correct treatment. This is one of the most common commercial lease stamp duty errors in Singapore.
What is a premium or key money payment and how is it stamped?+
A premium (also called “key money”) is a lump-sum payment made by the tenant to the landlord as an upfront consideration to enter into the lease — separate from and in addition to the monthly rent. It may represent payment for the right to take over an existing business, compensation for the landlord’s renovation costs, or simply a market premium for a desirable location. Stamp duty on a premium = 0.4% of the premium amount, payable within 14 days of signing the lease (alongside the rent component stamp duty). Example: S$100,000 premium × 0.4% = S$400 additional stamp duty. Both the rent duty and the premium duty are stamped on the same lease document. If the premium is refundable under certain conditions, confirm with IRAS whether stamp duty still applies.
How is the Average Annual Rent (AAR) calculated for step-up rent commercial leases?+
The AAR is the arithmetic average of all annual rents over the lease term. For a 3-year lease with rents S$10,000/mo (Year 1), S$10,500/mo (Year 2), S$11,000/mo (Year 3): Annual rents = S$120,000, S$126,000, S$132,000. AAR = (S$120,000 + S$126,000 + S$132,000) ÷ 3 = S$126,000/year. Stamp duty = 0.4% × 2 × S$126,000 = S$1,008. For a 5-year lease with 2 years at S$8,000 and 3 years at S$8,500: Annual rents = S$96,000, S$96,000, S$102,000, S$102,000, S$102,000. AAR = (S$96,000+S$96,000+S$102,000+S$102,000+S$102,000) ÷ 5 = S$99,600. Stamp duty = 0.4% × 4 × S$99,600 = S$1,594.
How is a JTC 30-year industrial lease stamped?+
JTC (JTC Corporation) is Singapore’s industrial estate developer. JTC leases for factory and industrial properties are typically granted for 30 or 60 years. For stamp duty: a 30-year JTC lease falls in the “above 3 years” band — stamp duty = 0.4% × 4 × AAR. The same formula applies to a 5-year or a 30-year lease, so longer JTC leases are not disproportionately more expensive in stamp duty. Note that JTC administers its own lease assignment process and has specific approval requirements for subletting, assigning, or mortgaging JTC leasehold properties. When a JTC lease is assigned to a new tenant (subletting the JTC leasehold), a fresh stamp duty assessment applies on the new lease document. JTC has its own standard lease documentation which must be used — custom commercial leases cannot be used for JTC properties.
Who pays the stamp duty on a commercial lease — landlord or tenant?+
By default under the Stamp Duties Act, the tenant is the party liable for stamp duty on a tenancy or lease agreement. In commercial practice, the lease may specify which party bears the stamp duty — and this can be negotiated. Common commercial outcomes: (1) Tenant pays all stamp duty — standard; (2) Landlord pays — sometimes in competitive rental markets or when the landlord is incentivising the tenant; (3) Split equally; (4) Lease silent on the matter — legally falls on the tenant. For commercial leases with large premiums and long terms where stamp duty can be S$5,000–S$20,000+, it is worth negotiating this point explicitly in the heads of terms before the formal lease is drafted.
Does the stamp duty formula change if the commercial lease has a turnover rent clause?+
Turnover rent clauses (common in retail leases) provide for additional rent based on a percentage of the tenant’s gross turnover, on top of a base rent. For stamp duty: the base rent is used for the standard AAR calculation. The turnover rent component (which is variable and unknown at lease signing) is generally not included in the initial stamp duty assessment. IRAS guidance on turnover rent: if the turnover rent constitutes part of the lease consideration, it should be estimated and included — but in practice, IRAS has accepted stamp duty on the base rent component for variable-rent commercial leases where the turnover element is genuinely uncertain at signing. Consult IRAS or a stamp duty specialist for specific turnover rent lease structures, as individual lease terms vary significantly.
Is stamp duty payable on a lease variation or amendment?+
A lease variation (also called a deed of variation or supplemental agreement) that changes material terms — such as extending the lease period, increasing the rent, adding or removing premises, or changing the tenant — may trigger additional stamp duty on the variation instrument. Specifically: (1) Rent increase: if rent increases via formal variation, stamp duty applies on the increased rent for the remaining term; (2) Lease extension: stamp duty applies on the additional period; (3) Change of tenant (assignment): stamp duty may apply as a separate transaction; (4) Rent reduction: a reduction via variation does not trigger additional stamp duty (IRAS would not refund prior stamp duty paid on the original higher rent). Always stamp lease variations within 14 days of execution — an unstamped variation is inadmissible in court disputes about the varied terms.
Does stamp duty apply to a letter of intent (LOI) for a commercial lease?+
A Letter of Intent (LOI) for a commercial lease is typically a pre-contractual document expressing the tenant’s intention to lease on agreed key terms. LOIs are generally not stampable as they are not binding lease agreements. However, LOIs that contain binding clauses (e.g., exclusivity commitment, binding deposit obligations, or which upon execution by the landlord constitute a binding agreement) may require stamping. In Singapore commercial practice, the standard LOI includes a clause stating that it is subject to contract and creates no binding obligation until the formal lease is executed — which ensures no stamp duty applies to the LOI itself. The formal lease agreement (or agreement for lease) is the stampable document. When in doubt, have your commercial solicitor review whether the LOI contains stamping obligations.
How does stamp duty work for a lease of part of a property (e.g., one floor of an office building)?+
Stamp duty on a lease of part of a property (e.g., a single floor, a specific unit within a building, or a demised portion of a retail space) follows the same formula as any other lease — 0.4% on the applicable rent base. The stamp duty is calculated on the rent for the specific demised premises only — not on the rent of the entire building. If a tenant leases 2,000 sqft of a 50,000 sqft office building at S$5,000/month: stamp duty is calculated on S$5,000/month, not on the building’s total rent. Each separate lease of a unit within a building is independently assessable. For a campus or complex with multiple tenants: each individual lease attracts its own separate stamp duty assessment. There is no aggregation of multiple leases for stamp duty purposes in Singapore.
Is there stamp duty on a subleasing arrangement in Singapore?+
Yes. A sublease (where the head tenant sublets part or all of the leased premises to a subtenant) is a new lease agreement that attracts stamp duty in the same way as the original head lease. Stamp duty is calculated on the sublease rent and period using the same 0.4% formula. The head lease stamp duty and the sublease stamp duty are independent — both are separately payable. For industrial and JTC premises: subletting typically requires JTC approval, and the sublease rent cannot exceed the head lease rent (JTC enforces this). For commercial properties: the head lease must permit subletting (or the landlord’s consent must be obtained), and the sublease stamp duty is the subtenant’s obligation. Subletting without the required approvals (JTC, HDB for commercial HDB units) does not exempt the parties from stamp duty but creates separate compliance issues.
Does a short-term pop-up retail licence attract stamp duty?+
Pop-up retail arrangements are typically structured as licences rather than leases. The legal distinction matters for stamp duty: a licence grants permission to use a space without conferring exclusive possession — it is not a lease. IRAS generally does not require stamp duty on a licence to use space (as opposed to a lease, which confers exclusive possession and creates a landlord-tenant relationship). Pop-up arrangements at S$2,000–S$10,000/month for 1–3 months, structured as revocable licences with no exclusive possession, are typically not stampable. However, if the arrangement has the substance of a lease (exclusive possession, defined term, regular rent), IRAS may treat it as a lease regardless of the label used. Commercial lawyers advise that the document should be carefully structured as a licence to preserve the non-stampable character.
What happens if a commercial lease is terminated early — is stamp duty refunded?+
No. Stamp duty paid on a commercial lease is not refundable if the lease is terminated early, even if both parties agree to an early surrender. Stamp duty is assessed based on the contracted lease term at the time of signing — not on the actual occupancy period. If a 3-year lease is terminated after 18 months by mutual agreement: the full stamp duty for a 3-year term (0.4% × 2 × AAR) remains paid and non-refundable. For a lease surrender agreement (a formal document ending the lease before its contractual expiry): this surrender agreement itself may attract nominal stamp duty as a distinct instrument. There is no IRAS mechanism to claim back stamp duty on a lease that was not fully used.
Can a commercial tenant use CPF to pay lease stamp duty?+
No. CPF funds cannot be used to pay stamp duty on lease agreements. CPF OA is restricted to specific approved uses: residential property purchase, housing loan repayments, CPF-approved investments, and education. Stamp duty on commercial or industrial leases must be paid entirely in cash via the IRAS e-Stamping portal (estamping.iras.gov.sg). For corporate tenants, lease stamp duty is paid from the company’s operating cash or credit facilities. Individual tenants renting commercial property for their sole proprietorships or partnerships also pay in cash — there is no CPF funding option. From an accounting perspective, commercial lease stamp duty is a deductible business expense for income tax purposes if the property is used in the production of business income.
Legal Disclaimer & Editorial Transparency. Lease duty Singapore 2026: 0.4% flat rate applied as — lease ≤12 months: 0.4% × total rent; 13–36 months: 0.4% × 2 × AAR; above 36 months: 0.4% × 4 × AAR. AAR = arithmetic average annual rent across all lease years. Premium/key money: additional 0.4% on premium amount. Service charges itemised separately: excluded from stamp duty base. GST-registered landlords: stamp duty on GST-exclusive rent only (divide inclusive rent by 1.09). Reverse premiums (landlord to tenant): no stamp duty on premium. Payable within 14 days of lease signing. Each renewal is a separate stampable instrument. 3+3 lease = two separate 3-year stamp duties. Lease variations that increase rent or extend term attract additional duty. All calculations indicative — verify at iras.gov.sg/tenancy. Not legal or tax advice. Operated by MAFHH INTERNATIONAL LTD.